Osteoporosis:Osteoporosis One fall can break your bones

Osteoporosis One fall can break your bones! And it could be due to a lack of calcium and vitamin D, something that you can easily correct with the right diet and exercise. Frequent fractures, back pain, and poor posture are all symptoms of osteoporosis. weakened bones Bone mass density (BMD) decreases, increasing the risk of fractures The first level of BMD loss is known as osteopenia which, if not detected and treated, progresses to Osteoporosis. Although the term osteoporosis refers to women over 50 years of age, is now commonly seen in men as well, and is known to strike at an alarmingly younger age. Osteoporosis is more than just calcium deficiency.In women, estrogen is important for maintaining BMD. The postmenopausal decrease in level leads to an accelerated loss of BMD. 

Rapidly changing lifestyles, poor eating habits and lack of exercise as well as heredity are some of the contributing factors. Causes Normal bone is made up of protein, collagen and calcium. As bones start to lose density and become abnormally porous, they are more easily compressed, making them more likely to break (hip fracture) or collapse (spine fracture). vertebral). BMD loss occurs on a scale and the first level of BMD loss is known as osteopenia which, if not detected and left untreated, leads to osteoporosis. Common areas at high risk for fractures are the ribs and wrists.

Risk factorsLow weight Rheumatoid arthritis Medication (heparin, prednisone) Read more Are you at risk for osteoporosis? Symptoms Osteoporosis is called the silent killer “because it does not cause any specific symptoms at the onset of bone loss. Usually this clinical condition goes unnoticed until a person does not have a fracture, but symptoms can appear in rare cases. extending radially from the spinal cord.Bone fracture: This is one of the most general symptoms of bone fragility caused by osteoporosis. Treatment The patient is treated for the fracture and receives appropriate medical attention for the underlying reason. People suffering from a fracture due to osteoporosis usually have a long way to go to recovery.

Even after the fracture has healed, it takes a long time to rehabilitate this area and make the bones strong enough to support their weight and the stress of daily activities. The drugs available are aimed at stopping bone loss and increasing bone strength. The use of hormone replacement therapy (estrogen) (HRT) after menopause was popular until recently, when its benefits were questioned. There are 2 surgical options that can reduce pain caused by spinal compression: vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. These surgeries use “bone cement” which is injected into damaged spinal bones (vertebrae) to make them denser and stronger.
Here are some guidelines on how to prevent osteoporosis naturally: 1.Get enough exercise Fill up on natural sources of calcium Warm up in the sun for vitamin D 2.Maintain your vitamin K3.Beat obesity 4.improve estrogen level.5.Stop smoking and alcohol 6.Fight stress for the sake of your bones 7.Try oil massages 8. Regular medical checkups.

Note: This article is for educational purpose.The information provided should not be used for the diagnosis and/or treatment of any disease or medical condition without the guidance of your physician.

Diabetes patients should not ignore these symptoms, it can be dangerous for health. know about diabetic neuropathy.

What is diabetic neuropathy?
 Diabetic neuropathy is a type of nerve damage that can occur in people with diabetes.

High sugar levels in the blood can lead to many diseases. One of its serious effects is nerve damage. It is medically known as diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy attacks the nerves in your legs and feet. But it can also affect the hands and arms. You may feel pain and numbness. Sometimes, tingling in your feet and toes can also be a sign of this condition. It can affect your digestive system, blood vessels, urinary tract as well as your heart. Therefore, it becomes necessary to prevent it in time.

 If you have diabetes, or you have an excessive amount of glucose in your blood, the covering of your nerves or blood vessels (which bring oxygen to your veins) can be damaged. Neuropathy can affect any nerve in the body, but in particular it affects the ganglia (outside the skull), nerves affecting the functioning of the spinal cord, heart, bladder, intestines, and abdominal nerves and fundamental organs.  Keeping blood sugar levels under control is essential to avoid nerve damage. If it is ignored for too long, it can cause disability. In very severe cases, it may even lead to amputation of limbs. The most dangerous thing is that you may not even know you are suffering nerve damage until it is too late. This is because the symptoms can sometimes be misleading. Let us know how this type of nerve damage can be prevented if you have diabetes.

 Control your blood sugar level Controlling blood sugar levels is the first rule of thumb to prevent diabetic neuropathy. Keep your blood sugar level within the normal range. If it fluctuates, talk to your doctor. He may change your medicine. But, on your part, you have to keep a constant watch on your blood sugar level. You can easily do this at home with a blood sugar meter. Also make sure to go for the test every three months.
 Take care of your feet Your feet are important. It is important to take care of them. If nerve damage has already occurred, you need to be alert for any injuries. This is because you may not feel pain, but your injury can cause complications. Cut your nails regularly and pat your feet. Use lotion and apply it between your toes as well. Wash your feet with warm water and soap. Dry them properly. Talk to your doctor about whether you need to wear any special shoes for diabetic neuropathy. Even if it is not necessary, always wear comfortable shoes.Different types of nerve damage cause different types of symptoms. These symptoms include pain and numbness in your feet.

Exercise safely There are some rules to follow when it comes to exercising when you have diabetes. If you jog or run, wear good quality running shoes. Some activities may not be good for you. Consult a trained professional before starting any new exercise regime.

NOTE– Our aim is to give you information about diseases, we do not recommend you any kind of medicine, treatment, surgery. We are just a means of providing general information about disease, surgery, treatment and medicines to our viewers for education purpose only. The information provided should not be used for the diagnosis and/or treatment of any disease or medical condition without the guidance of your physician.

How does diabetes cause diabetic retinopathy?

Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes abnormal changes in blood sugar (glucose), which your body normally converts into energy for various bodily processes.

Uncontrolled diabetes usually causes high levels of blood sugar (hyperglycemia) to build up in blood vessels, the damage caused by which obstructs or alters blood flow to parts of your body, including your eyes. 

Diabetic Retinopathy

 Diabetic retinopathy is the most serious eye disease in diabetes. Even in this there are no initial symptoms, the patient comes to know about it by retina test. As retinopathy progresses, the eyesight starts decreasing. If the condition worsens, the light may go out completely.

 Apart from diabetes, if the patient is suffering from blood pressure, thyroid, cholesterol, heart or kidney disease, then the risk increases even more. Retinopathy can occur in 20% to 40% of patients with diabetes.

There are two major types of diabetes:

Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes

In both types of diabetes, increased blood sugar levels increase the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy.

Eye damage occurs when chronically high levels of blood sugar begin to block or damage the blood vessels in the retina of the eye. The retina contains light-sensitive cells (photoreceptors), whichare necessary for good vision.

Symptoms of Diabetic Retinopathy and Other Diabetic Eye Diseases

Symptoms of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and other diabetic eye diseases include:

• fluctuating vision
• Eye floaters and spots
• Scotoma in your field of vision or shadow development
• blurred and/or distorted vision
• corneal disorders such as slow healing of wounds due to friction in the cornea
• double vision
• eye pain
• Myopia problems not related to farsightedness (presbyopia)
• cataracts

During an eye exam, your eye doctor will try to look for diabetic retinopathy and other signs of diabetes-related eye disease. Signs of damage to the retina may include deposits and evidence of swelling, bleeding, or fluid leaking from the blood vessels.

Your eye doctor will take a picture of your retina with a camera or other imaging device and look for obvious signs of damage associated with diabetes. In some cases, he may refer you to a retinal specialist for additional tests and possible treatment.

For conclusive confirmation of disease, you may need to undergo a test called fluorescein angiography. In this test, a dye is injected into the veins in your arm and this dye slowly travels into the blood vessels of the retina, where it is exposed to changes in the blood vessels caused by diabetes and blood leaks in the retina. Identifies.

An often overlooked symptom of diabetic eye disease is nerve damage (neuropathy) affecting the eye muscles that control eye movements. Symptoms may include involuntary eye movements (nystagmus) and double vision.

Symptoms of diabetic eye disease

Due to damage to the retinal blood vessels by high blood sugar levels, fluid or blood may leak out of them. Due to this, in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy, the retina becomes swollen and deposits accumulate.

In later stages, leakage from blood vessels in the clear, jelly-like vitreous of the eye Can cause serious vision problems and eventually lead to blindness.

diabetic macular edema

inflammation of the maculais commonly associated with type 2 diabetes. Macular edema can cause decreased or distorted vision.

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is generally classified into two types:

• Focal, which is microaneurysm or other vascular abnormalities that occur with leaky blood vessels.
• Diffuse, which refers to dilated or swollen small blood vessels (capillaries) within the retina.

Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR)

This early stage of DR—recognized by deposits in the retina—can occur anytime after a diagnosis of diabetes.

There are often no visual symptoms, but a retinal examination may reveal small dot-and-blot hemorrhages, known as microaneurysms, which refer to a type of dilation of small blood vessels.

In type 1 diabetes, these early symptoms usually do not appear until three to four years after the diagnosis of the disease has passed. In type 2 diabetes, NPDR may also be present at the time of diagnosis.

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR)

Among diabetic eye diseases, proliferative diabetic retinopathy poses the highest risk of blindness.

The following are the signs of PDR:

• optic nerve and vitreouson and around Development of abnormal blood vessels (neo-vasculature or neovascularization).
• pre-retinal haemorrhageWhich is in the vitreous humor or in front of the retina.
• Ischemia due to decreased or blocked blood flow, as well as a lack of oxygen needed for a healthy retina.

These abnormal blood vessels formed by the process of new vessel formation rupture and leak blood from them into the vitreous humor of the eye. In addition to sudden blindness, more permanent complications include tractional retinal detachment and neovascular glaucoma .

Macular edema can occur with or without NPDR or PDR.

You should be monitored regularly, although you may not need laser treatment until you reach an advanced stage of diabetic eye disease.

NOTE– Our aim is to give you information about diseases, we do not recommend you any kind of medicine, treatment, surgery. We are just a means of providing general information about disease, surgery, treatment and medicines to our viewers for education purpose only. The information provided should not be used for the diagnosis and/or treatment of any disease or medical condition without the guidance of your physician.

What do you mean by Gout ? It’s Signs and Symptoms, Reasons and Remedies

What is Gout 

Gout is a painful form of arthritis. When your body has extra uric acid, sharp crystals may form in the big toe or other joints, causing episodes of swelling and pain called gout attacks. Gout is treatable with medications and changes in diet and lifestyle.

What are the Couses?

Themain cause of gout is increased levels of uric acid in the blood. Let us now see how this acid is formed in the body.

DNA and RNA are the basic substances in cells that we know. Purines are a nitrogenous component in these complex molecules . The cells in the body move around every day. When old cells are destroyed, these purines disintegrate and uric acid is formed.
It is also made in the body from dietary DNA / RNA. It is further excreted in the urine by the kidneys. Therefore, it is low in blood (male: 3-7 mg / dL ). This proportion is even lower in women. Let us see why it is not desirable to increase it even a little.

An important property of uric acid should be noted here. This compound dissolves with great difficulty in water . Therefore, as long as it is within 6.8 mg / dL in the blood, it remains in its dissolved state. When it grows beyond this limit, it forms rocks that cannot be dissolved. These stones then accumulate in the joints and kidneys. This is gout.
Not all people with elevated uric acid levels get gout. 

Foods that may cause Gout

Red meat and seafood. Meat (especially organ meats like liver and sweetbreads) and seafood (like fish and shellfish) can be high in chemicals called purines. 

Sweetened drinks. Sodas and juices flavored with fruit sugars, like high-fructose corn syrup, can trigger gout flares.

Alcohol.

Gout is usually associated with metabolic syndrome. This illnesses are:
• High blood pressure
• Diabetes
• Chronic kidney disease
• High cholesterol and TG
• Obesity
Sometimes it associated with is hereditary components.

Increased blood levels of uric acid:
Most of the uric acid produced in the body is excreted in the urine. Therefore, in good health, his blood level is only between 3-7 mg / dL. Its upper limit is 7 in males and 6 in females.

Decreased uric acid excretion:
This issue applies to 90% of patients. The causes are:
• Heredity
Chronic kidney disorders
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Drug side effects: These include aspirin and some diuretics

Two types

Acute attack of gout :

In most patients, there is acute inflammation of one joint and that joint is the toe. This joint is very swollen and hurts a lot.
In the case of a small number of patients, several joints become swollen at once. These include heels, knees, fingers and elbows. This inflammation of joint condition is also known as Gouty Arthritis.
Arthritis subsides within a few days after this stroke. Then it reappears after a while. In this way the shocks become more frequent and more intense.

Chronic gout: After about 10 years, these patients develop chronic gout . Uric acid stones (tophi) accumulate in many places such as joints, muscles, earlobes and kidneys.Such patients are more likely to have a heart attack in the future . 

How Gout is diagnosed and treated?

With a thorough study of the symptoms of the disease, a physical examination can be performed by a doctor.

Some blood tests can be done to make it easier to diagnose:

Blood tests can be done to determine serum uric acid levels.

X-ray of affected joints

Examination of synovial fluid in the joints : This is a true diagnosis. When examined under a special microscope, the fluid appears to contain uric acid-like crystals.

Ultrasound scans are performed to find out whether the fluid in the joint is initially crystalline.

Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is performed to examine bones and soft tissues.

Outline of treatment:
1. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs.

2. Long-term treatment includes medications that lower blood levels of uric acid. It has three main types and functions:

a) Increasing uric acid excretion in the urine
b) Decreasing the production of uric acid in the cells.
E) Decomposition of uric acid: For this enzyme uricase is given.

Different drugs are available depending on the cause of the patient’s illness, the appropriate medication is given. These drugs need to be taken permanently.

3. Dietary management: This includes drinking plenty of water, limiting meat intake, avoiding alcohol (especially beer) as well as fructose-based soft drinks, and controlling your weight.

Gout can be treated as follows –

Managing pain-induced pain with non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs.

Diet and lifestyle changes

Losing extra weight

Alcohol should be avoided.

Avoid purine rich foods (red meat or organ meat).

Changing or discontinuing medications related to hyperuricemia (e.g. diuretics).

Use things that reduce uric acid such as

Allopurinol.(with doctor’s consultation)

Self-management strategies

Eat a healthy diet.

Citrus fruits-Fruits like oranges and lemons are a rich source of vitamin C and citric acid. Including these foods can help you maintain healthy uric acid levels in the body, since they can efficiently flush out the excess uric acid.

Low-fat and nondairy fat products, such as yogurt and skim milk.

Fresh fruits and vegetables.

Nuts, peanut butter,olive oil.

Get enough physical exercise. Such as ,areobic exercises, yoga and walking.

Take home message 

Basically, it is caused by a diet or lifestyle that impairs metabolism. If we improve lifestyle and eating habits and do regular exercises the incidence of gout in the society will be reduced.

NOTE– Our aim is to give you information about diseases, we do not recommend you any kind of medicine, treatment, surgery. We are just a means of providing general information about disease, surgery, treatment and medicines to our viewers for education purpose only. The information provided should not be used for the diagnosis and/or treatment of any disease or medical condition without the guidance of your physician